Paragraph Summarization .. Part 2 (Answers0

Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text.


Q.1. Some decisions will be fairly obvious – “no-brainers.” Your bank account is low, but you have a two-week vacation coming up and you want to get away to some place warm to relax with your family. Will you accept your in-laws’ offer of free use of their Florida beachfront condo? Sure. You like your employer and feel ready to move forward in your career. Will you step in for your boss for three weeks while she attends a professional development course? Of course.


1 Some decisions are no-brainers. You need not think when making them. Examples are condo offers from in-laws and job offers from bosses when your bank account is low or boss is away. 
2 Easy decisions are called “no-brainers” because they do not require any cerebral activity. Examples such as accepting free holiday accommodation abound in our lives. 
3 Accepting an offer from in-laws when you are short on funds and want a holiday is a no-brainer. Another no-brainer is taking the boss’s job when she is away. 
4 Some decisions are obvious under certain circumstances. You may, for example, readily accept a relative’s offer of free holiday accommodation. Or step in for your boss when she is away.


Q.2. Physically, inertia is a feeling that you just can’t move; mentally, it is a sluggish mind. Even if you try to be sensitive, if your mind is sluggish, you just don’t feel anything intensely. You may even see a tragedy enacted in front of your eyes and not be able to respond meaningfully. You may see one person exploiting another, one group persecuting another, and not be able to get angry. Your energy is frozen. You are not deliberately refusing to act; you just don’t have the capacity.


1 Inertia makes your body and mind sluggish. They become insensitive to tragedies, exploitation, and persecution because it freezes your energy and decapacitates it 
2 Physical inertia stops your body from moving; mental inertia freezes your energy, and stops your mind from responding meaningfully to events, even tragedies, in front of you. 
3 Inertia is of two types – physical and mental. Physical inertia restricts bodily movements. Mental inertia prevents mental response to events enacted in front of your eyes. 
4 When you have inertia you don’t act although you see one person exploiting another or one group persecuting another. You don’t get angry because you are incapable. 

Q.3. Try before you buy. We use this memorable saying to urge you to experience the consequences of an alternative before you choose it, whenever this is feasible. If you are considering buying a van after having always owned sedans, rent one for a week or borrow a friend’s. By experiencing the consequences first hand, they become more meaningful. In addition, you are likely to identify consequences you had not even thought of before. May be you will discover that it is difficult to park the van in your small parking space at work, but that, on the other hand, your elderly father has a much easier time getting in and out of it.

1 Before choosing an alternative, experience its consequences if feasible. If, for example, you want to change from sedans to a van, try one before buying it. You will discover aspects you may never have thought of. 
2 Always try before you buy anything. You are bound to discover many consequences. One of the consequences of going in for a van is that it is more difficult to park than sedans at the office car park. 
3 We urge you to try products such as vans before buying them. Then you can experience consequences you have not thought of such as parking problems. But your father may find vans more comfortable than cars. 
4 If you are planning to buy a van after being used to sedans, borrow a van or rent it and try it before deciding to buy it. Then you may realize that parking a van is difficult while it is easier for your elderly father to get in and out of it.


Q.4. It is important for shipping companies to be clear about the objectives for maintenance and materials management – as to whether the primary focus is on service level improvement or cost minimization. Often when certain systems are set in place, the cost minimization objective and associated procedure become more important than the flexibility required for service level improvement. The problem really arises since cost minimization tends to focus on out of pocket costs which are visible, while the opportunity costs, often greater in value, are lost sight of.


1 Shipping companies have to either minimize costs or maximize service quality. If they focus on cost minimization, they will reduce quality. They should focus on service level improvement, or else opportunity costs will be lost sight of 
2 Shipping companies should focus on quality level improvement rather than cost cutting. Cost cutting will lead to untold opportunity costs. Companies should have systems in place to make the service level flexible. 
3 Shipping companies should determine the primary focus of their maintenance and materials management. Focus on cost minimization may reduce visible costs, but ignore greater invisible costs and impair service quality. 
4 Any cost minimization program in shipping is bound to lower the quality of service. Therefore, shipping companies must be clear about the primary focus of their maintenance and materials management before embarking on cost minimization.

Today's Para Jumbles

Question 1 1. Jinnah initially tried to win British support for a seat in the House of Commons but failed.

A. He finally accepted fervent appeals from Muslim friends to return home and help them to revitalize the demoralized leaderless Muslim league.
B. He was reelected to the expanded national assembly, which met for the first time in Delhi in January 1924.
C. The khilafat movement launched by Gandhi in 1920 had by then collapsed and so had the final phase of Satyagraha in Gujarat.
D. Most congress leaders remained in prison cells, while Jinnah reorganized his Muslim league as its president, and won the respect of Ram say MacDonald

6. Jinnah advised MacDonald as soon as he became prime minister to draft a constitution for what Jinnah still hoped would emerge as a single nation-state of independent India, with safeguards and separate electorates for its Muslims and other minorities 

a) ADCB b)BCDA c)DBAC d)ABCD

Question 2 
1. vertical solutions are customized to the needs of a particular customer

A. cross industry solutions can be customized to the industry, and then to the customer that they are installed with
B. it can be said that this set of procedures and the data structures that are maintained by them became the back bone of the business
C. once either of these is in place, they literally define the way the business will be operated
D.data relationship must be maintained

6.processes for updating the data need to be rigorously adhered to.
a)ABCD b)DBAC c)ACDB d)BDAC

Question 3 1. Seldom does an ambitious dream enjoy smooth sailing all the way to completion.

(A) In spite of free supplies and volunteer labour, money was an over-pressing concern.
(B) The thousands of well-wishers who waited on the dock in San Francisco to wave goodbye to HOPE’s first medical team were denied the spectacle.
(C) Dr. Walsh was approached by an executive of the company that was going to operate the Hope on its maiden voyage.
(D) In its fourteen years of bringing health care and education to people around the world, the SS Hope enduredmany stormy seas, and a few had nothing to do with the weather.

6. The man informed Walsh that the HOPE organisation had no line of credit and an advance of $500,000 were necessary.

(1) DABC (2) BDAC (3) CDBA (4) DACB

Question 4
1. Leadership inevitably requires using power to influence the thoughts and actions of other
people.

A. The need to hedge these risks accounts in part for the development of collective
leadership and the managerial ethic.
B. Out of this conservatism and inertia organizations provide succession to power through
the development of managers rather than individual leaders.
C. Power in the hands of an individual entails human risks: first, the risk of equating power
with the ability to get immediate results; second, the risk of ignoring the many different
ways people can legitimately accumulate power; and third, the risk of losing self-control
in the desire for power.
D. Consequently, an inherent conservatism dominates the culture of large organizations.

6. Perhaps the risks associated with power in the hands of an individual may be necessary
ones for business to take if organizations are to break free of their inertia and bureaucratic
conservatism.

(1)BDAC (2)ADCB (3)DCBA (4)CADB

Question 5
A. The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of
events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States.
B. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them.
C. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favoured isolationist
policies and neutrality.
D. The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and
barbarism of the allies, caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another World
War.
1. ABCD 2. CBDA 3. CDBA 4. ADCB

Question 6
A. This comes rather as a surprise especially for someone so adept at conveying atmosphere as Vuillard, how could his later commissioned portraits be so dull?
B. Even this choice was interesting because he could have just as likely taken a different path into landscape painting.
C. Perhaps because around 1900 he turned back towards naturalism, and moved away from the unique pattern-making at which he excelled.
D. What Vuillard was not good at is portraits.
E. But his work in landscape painting unfortunately never evolved into anything more than an experimental phase in his career.

a. AEDCB
b. DACBE
c. BADCE
d. DEABC

Answer's to Yesterday's Para Jumbles

Question 1

a)The whole universe is as we are,because without the human mind,there would be only quantun soup,billions of random sensory impressions

b). He is as real as they are, but just as elusive
c). Yet thanks to the mind/brain, we recogonize that encoded into the swirling cosmos,are the most valued things in existence :form,meaning,beauty,truth,love
d). These are the realities the brain is reaching for when it its reaching for God
e). The most startling conclusion of our new model is that God is as we are

1. EDCBA 2. ADCBE 3. EACDB 4.AEBCD

Question 2
a). However,each stage of god must give scope to the whole range of human abilities;even in the worst situatuons, a person aspires to do more than cope
b). In stage one, the limit is set by physical circumstances
c). If you are surrounded by threats,to survive is a high aspiration. This would be true in shipwreck. a war, a famine, or an abusive family
d). Every stage of god implies challenge, which can be expressed in terms of higher aspirations. 
e). God exists to inspire us, and we express this through the aspirations we set for ourselves. An apiration is the limit of the possible.

1. DEACB 2. DEBCA 3. EDCAB 4 . EDCBA

Question 3

A)over the years, we have seen that the way we celebrate festivals has changed.
B)The colours used are also dangerous, more so in recent times.
C)There is a riot of colour during Holi but sometimes, it turns ugly with a few miscreants spoiling the show.
D)In general, in cities at least, the level of enthusiasm during Holi, Diwali etc has diminished

1.CBDA 2.DABC 3.ADCB 4.BADC 5.BDAC

Paragraph Summarization .. Part 2

Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text.


Q.1. Some decisions will be fairly obvious – “no-brainers.” Your bank account is low, but you have a two-week vacation coming up and you want to get away to some place warm to relax with your family. Will you accept your in-laws’ offer of free use of their Florida beachfront condo? Sure. You like your employer and feel ready to move forward in your career. Will you step in for your boss for three weeks while she attends a professional development course? Of course.


1 Some decisions are no-brainers. You need not think when making them. Examples are condo offers from in-laws and job offers from bosses when your bank account is low or boss is away. 
2 Easy decisions are called “no-brainers” because they do not require any cerebral activity. Examples such as accepting free holiday accommodation abound in our lives. 
3 Accepting an offer from in-laws when you are short on funds and want a holiday is a no-brainer. Another no-brainer is taking the boss’s job when she is away. 
4 Some decisions are obvious under certain circumstances. You may, for example, readily accept a relative’s offer of free holiday accommodation. Or step in for your boss when she is away.


Q.2. Physically, inertia is a feeling that you just can’t move; mentally, it is a sluggish mind. Even if you try to be sensitive, if your mind is sluggish, you just don’t feel anything intensely. You may even see a tragedy enacted in front of your eyes and not be able to respond meaningfully. You may see one person exploiting another, one group persecuting another, and not be able to get angry. Your energy is frozen. You are not deliberately refusing to act; you just don’t have the capacity.


1 Inertia makes your body and mind sluggish. They become insensitive to tragedies, exploitation, and persecution because it freezes your energy and decapacitates it 
2 Physical inertia stops your body from moving; mental inertia freezes your energy, and stops your mind from responding meaningfully to events, even tragedies, in front of you. 
3 Inertia is of two types – physical and mental. Physical inertia restricts bodily movements. Mental inertia prevents mental response to events enacted in front of your eyes. 
4 When you have inertia you don’t act although you see one person exploiting another or one group persecuting another. You don’t get angry because you are incapable. 

Q.3. Try before you buy. We use this memorable saying to urge you to experience the consequences of an alternative before you choose it, whenever this is feasible. If you are considering buying a van after having always owned sedans, rent one for a week or borrow a friend’s. By experiencing the consequences first hand, they become more meaningful. In addition, you are likely to identify consequences you had not even thought of before. May be you will discover that it is difficult to park the van in your small parking space at work, but that, on the other hand, your elderly father has a much easier time getting in and out of it.

Today's Para Jumbles

Question 1

a)The whole universe is as we are,because without the human mind,there would be only quantun soup,billions of random sensory impressions

b). He is as real as they are, but just as elusive
c). Yet thanks to the mind/brain, we recogonize that encoded into the swirling cosmos,are the most valued things in existence :form,meaning,beauty,truth,love
d). These are the realities the brain is reaching for when it its reaching for God
e). The most startling conclusion of our new model is that God is as we are

1. EDCBA 2. ADCBE 3. EACDB 4.AEBCD

Question 2
a). However,each stage of god must give scope to the whole range of human abilities;even in the worst situatuons, a person aspires to do more than cope
b). In stage one, the limit is set by physical circumstances
c). If you are surrounded by threats,to survive is a high aspiration. This would be true in shipwreck. a war, a famine, or an abusive family
d). Every stage of god implies challenge, which can be expressed in terms of higher aspirations. 
e). God exists to inspire us, and we express this through the aspirations we set for ourselves. An apiration is the limit of the possible.

1. DEACB 2. DEBCA 3. EDCAB 4 . EDCBA

Question 3

A)over the years, we have seen that the way we celebrate festivals has changed.
B)The colours used are also dangerous, more so in recent times.
C)There is a riot of colour during Holi but sometimes, it turns ugly with a few miscreants spoiling the show.
D)In general, in cities at least, the level of enthusiasm during Holi, Diwali etc has diminished

1.CBDA 2.DABC 3.ADCB 4.BADC 5.BDAC

Paragraph Summarization .. Part 1(Answers)

Which of the following best summarizes the paragraph?

1. The human race is spread all over the world, from the polar regions to the tropics. The people of whom it is made up eat different kinds of food, partly according to the climate in which they live, and partly according to the kind of food which their country produces. In hot climates, meat and fat are not much needed; but in the Arctic regions they seem to be very necessary for keeping up the heat of the body. Thus, in India, people live chiefly on different kinds of grains, eggs, milk, or sometimes fish and meat. In Europe, people eat more meat and less grain. In the Arctic regions, where no grains and fruits are produced, the Eskimo and other races live almost entirely on meat and fish.

A. Food eaten by people in different regions of the world depends on
the climate and produce of the region, and varies from meat and fish in the Arctic to predominantly grains in the tropics.
B. Hot climates require people to eat grains while cold regions require people to eat meat and fish.
C. In hot countries people eat mainly grains while in the Arctic, they eat meat and fish because they cannot grow grains.
D. While people in Arctic regions like meat and fish and those in hot regions like India prefer mainly grains, they have to change what they eat depending on the local climate and the local produce.

2. You seemed at first to take no notice of your school-fellows, or rather to set yourself against 'them because they were strangers to you. They knew as little of you as you did of them; this would have been the reason for their keeping aloof from you as well, which you would have felt as a hardship. Learn never to conceive a prejudice against others because you know nothing of them. It is bad reasoning, and makes enemies of half the world. Do not think ill of them till they behave ill to you; and then strive to avoid the faults which you see in them. This will disarm their hostility sooner than pique or resentment or complaint.

A. The discomfort you felt with your school fellows was because both sides knew little of each other. You should not complain unless you find others prejudiced against you and have attempted to carefully analyze the faults you have observed in them.
B. The discomfort you felt with your school fellows was because both sides knew little of each other. Avoid prejudice and negative thoughts till you encounter bad behavior from others, and then win them over by shunning the faults you have observed.
C. You encountered hardship amongst your school fellows because you did not know them well. You should learn to not make enemies because of your prejudices irrespective of their behavior towards you.
D. You encountered hardship amongst your school fellows because you did not know them well. You should learn to not make enemies because of your prejudices unless they behave badly with you.

Answer's to Yesterday's Para Jumbles

Question 1

A.The unfolding Enron scandal brings new meaning to two favourite American sayings:'What goes around comes around' and 'People in glass houses should not throw stones.'

B.Countries were told to follow the American model,use American auditing firms,bring in American entrepreneurs to teach them how to run their companies.

C.Remember the East Asian crisis,when the US treasury and its IMF allies blamed that region's problems on crony capitalism,lack of transparency and poor corporate governance.

D.Never mind that under the leadership of their own entrepreneurs,East Asia has grown faster than any other region over the past three decades.

a.ABCD b.BDCA c.CBDA d.ACBD e.ADBC

Question 2

A. The Expo, on average, received 4,00,000 visitors everyday.
B. The huge crowds; however, did not seem to deter visitors in recent weeks, with the number of daily visitors crossing 1 million on October 16.
C. In China, the Expo has been promoted aggressively by the State media.
D. The public reception has generally been positive most of the 73 million visitors came from the country’s own 27 provinces and administrative regions.
E. This often meant long lines and four to five-hour waits for visitors at the most popular pavilions.

1) CAEDB 2) CABED 3) CDEBA 4) CDABE 5) CDAEB

Question 3

A. The tendency of this statement is clear - it implies that history is propelled, and the fate of man determined, by the war of classes and not by the war of nations.
B. An example of such a phenomenon which is of great significance for Marxist theory is the historical trend towards increasing productivity.
C. An important place among the various formulations of Marx's 'historical materialism' is occupied by his statement, 'The history of all hitherto existing society is a history of class struggle.'
D. But over and above this, class struggle and class interest are capable of explaining phenomena which traditional history may in general not even attempt to explain.
E. In the casual explanation of historical developments, including national wars, class interest must take the place of that allegedly national interest, which in reality, is only the interest of a nation's ruling class.

(1) EDBAC
(2) CAEBD
(3) CAEDB
(4) CADEB

Paragraph Summarization .. Part 1

Which of the following best summarizes the paragraph?

1. The human race is spread all over the world, from the polar regions to the tropics. The people of whom it is made up eat different kinds of food, partly according to the climate in which they live, and partly according to the kind of food which their country produces. In hot climates, meat and fat are not much needed; but in the Arctic regions they seem to be very necessary for keeping up the heat of the body. Thus, in India, people live chiefly on different kinds of grains, eggs, milk, or sometimes fish and meat. In Europe, people eat more meat and less grain. In the Arctic regions, where no grains and fruits are produced, the Eskimo and other races live almost entirely on meat and fish.

A. Food eaten by people in different regions of the world depends on
the climate and produce of the region, and varies from meat and fish in the Arctic to predominantly grains in the tropics.
B. Hot climates require people to eat grains while cold regions require people to eat meat and fish.
C. In hot countries people eat mainly grains while in the Arctic, they eat meat and fish because they cannot grow grains.
D. While people in Arctic regions like meat and fish and those in hot regions like India prefer mainly grains, they have to change what they eat depending on the local climate and the local produce.

2. You seemed at first to take no notice of your school-fellows, or rather to set yourself against 'them because they were strangers to you. They knew as little of you as you did of them; this would have been the reason for their keeping aloof from you as well, which you would have felt as a hardship. Learn never to conceive a prejudice against others because you know nothing of them. It is bad reasoning, and makes enemies of half the world. Do not think ill of them till they behave ill to you; and then strive to avoid the faults which you see in them. This will disarm their hostility sooner than pique or resentment or complaint.

Para Jumbles Part 2

Question 1

A.The unfolding Enron scandal brings new meaning to two favourite American sayings:'What goes around comes around' and 'People in glass houses should not throw stones.'

B.Countries were told to follow the American model,use American auditing firms,bring in American entrepreneurs to teach them how to run their companies.

C.Remember the East Asian crisis,when the US treasury and its IMF allies blamed that region's problems on crony capitalism,lack of transparency and poor corporate governance.

D.Never mind that under the leadership of their own entrepreneurs,East Asia has grown faster than any other region over the past three decades.

a.ABCD b.BDCA c.CBDA d.ACBD e.ADBC

Question 2

A. The Expo, on average, received 4,00,000 visitors everyday.
B. The huge crowds; however, did not seem to deter visitors in recent weeks, with the number of daily visitors crossing 1 million on October 16.
C. In China, the Expo has been promoted aggressively by the State media.
D. The public reception has generally been positive most of the 73 million visitors came from the country’s own 27 provinces and administrative regions.
E. This often meant long lines and four to five-hour waits for visitors at the most popular pavilions.

1) CAEDB 2) CABED 3) CDEBA 4) CDABE 5) CDAEB

Question 3

A. The tendency of this statement is clear - it implies that history is propelled, and the fate of man determined, by the war of classes and not by the war of nations.
B. An example of such a phenomenon which is of great significance for Marxist theory is the historical trend towards increasing productivity.
C. An important place among the various formulations of Marx's 'historical materialism' is occupied by his statement, 'The history of all hitherto existing society is a history of class struggle.'
D. But over and above this, class struggle and class interest are capable of explaining phenomena which traditional history may in general not even attempt to explain.
E. In the casual explanation of historical developments, including national wars, class interest must take the place of that allegedly national interest, which in reality, is only the interest of a nation's ruling class.

(1) EDBAC
(2) CAEBD
(3) CAEDB
(4) CADEB

Answers to Para Jumbles .. Part 1

Question 1

A.When I got to IBM's sales school in Endicott,New York,I was hoping that people would treat me like any other Joe Blow just starting out.

B.Dad was such a tremendous force in that town that as I walked down the street with my books under my arm.people would point and say,"Mr Watson's Son."

C.How I could think that was possible I do not know.

D.During the first week I caused a stir by going into a bar after school to get a drink.

options: a.ABDC b.ACBD c.ADBC d.BADC e.BDAC

Question 2

A)The concept is termed 'intellectual' because it applies to products of the mind and 'property' because the products belong to the person whose mental efforts created them
B)What exactly is intellectual property?
C)Control over access to certain types of knowledge /information is referred to as intellectual property
D)Knowledge is free but its flow is restricted
E)The 20th century could be summed up as the age of information revlution

1)ABCDE 2)BCDEA 3)DCBAE4)EDCBA

Question 3


A)while HLL scours high and low just to turn a positive topline ,Amway schorches ever upward-in another five years,Amway could even be the country's second largest FMCG player,reckons Amway's former country chief Sudershan banerjee
B)yet,business is about growth,and the contrast in pace is dizzing
C)not that one is eating the other's lunch;their markets do not overlap much,and India offers enormous potential
D)but William Pickney,the MD and CEO,Amway India gets to sleep a lot easier than Lever chief MS Banga.
E)in absolute terms,thats not even as large as the ad budget of hindustan lever ltd(HLL).

1)EDCBA 2)AEDBC 3)EADBC 4)ABEDC

Todays's Para Jumbles

Question 1

A.When I got to IBM's sales school in Endicott,New York,I was hoping that people would treat me like any other Joe Blow just starting out.

B.Dad was such a tremendous force in that town that as I walked down the street with my books under my arm.people would point and say,"Mr Watson's Son."

C.How I could think that was possible I do not know.

D.During the first week I caused a stir by going into a bar after school to get a drink.

options: a.ABDC b.ACBD c.ADBC d.BADC e.BDAC

Question 2

A)The concept is termed 'intellectual' because it applies to products of the mind and 'property' because the products belong to the person whose mental efforts created them
B)What exactly is intellectual property?
C)Control over access to certain types of knowledge /information is referred to as intellectual property
D)Knowledge is free but its flow is restricted
E)The 20th century could be summed up as the age of information revlution

1)ABCDE 2)BCDEA 3)DCBAE4)EDCBA

Question 3


A)while HLL scours high and low just to turn a positive topline ,Amway schorches ever upward-in another five years,Amway could even be the country's second largest FMCG player,reckons Amway's former country chief Sudershan banerjee
B)yet,business is about growth,and the contrast in pace is dizzing
C)not that one is eating the other's lunch;their markets do not overlap much,and India offers enormous potential
D)but William Pickney,the MD and CEO,Amway India gets to sleep a lot easier than Lever chief MS Banga.
E)in absolute terms,thats not even as large as the ad budget of hindustan lever ltd(HLL).

1)EDCBA 2)AEDBC 3)EADBC 4)ABEDC